Name: Elk_WinterCorridorsStopOver

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Description: The San Antonio elk herd migrates from the Rio Grande del Norte National Monument (RGDNNM) to the southern San Juan Mountains of north-central New Mexico and south-central Colorado (7,000 to 11,500 ft elevation). Managed by the Bureau of Land Management, Taos Field Office, the RGDNNM contains the Taos Plateau and a portion of the Rio Grande. GPS-collar data from the herd in 2020–2021 indicate that elk winter near San Antonio Mountain or east of U.S. Highway 285 on the Taos Plateau, with some elk wintering as far east as the Rio Grande. Herds from the eastern side of the Rio Grande Gorge also winter on the Taos Plateau. Critical winter range consists primarily of sagebrush steppe, with pinyon-juniper dominating the volcanic cones of Cerro de la Olla, Cerro del Aire, Cerro Montoso, and Cerro Chiflo that are scattered across the monument. North of the volcanic cones, the area is rich in winterfat (Ceratoides lanata), providing nutrition high in protein during the harsh winters. Key terrestrial habitats across seasonal ranges include inter-mountain basins big sagebrush shrubland, Rocky Mountain alpine montane wet meadow, and Rocky Mountain montane mixed conifer forest and woodland. Within the Taos Plateau, 61,330 acres have been identified as migration corridors, 218,962 acres as winter range, and 100,191 acres as summer range for big game species. Migrations typically begin in early spring, with elk taking extended stopovers in the eastern foothills and slopes of the San Juan Mountains, primarily along the Rio San Antonio. By late spring, many of the elk continue their migration towards the western slopes of the San Juan Mountains or north into Colorado. Some elk travel to lower elevation foothills along the western slopes of the San Juan Mountains, before retracing some of their movements to settle on their high-elevation summer range. Summer range habitats are typically mid- to high-elevation mixed conifer and aspen forests with interspersed montane meadows. The crossing of U.S. Highway 285 may create an obstacle to elk migrations, as 29 of 40 wildlife-vehicle collisions involved elk in 2009–2018. These mapping layers show the location of the migration corridors for elk (Cervus canadensis) in the San Antonio herd in New Mexico. They were developed from 71 migration sequences collected from a sample size of 31 animals comprising GPS locations collected every 2-12 hours.

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